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Will Blackwell - My Blog
Will Blackwell - My Blog
An Introduction to Peak Oil and What to Do About It
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What would your life be like without cheap oil? It's a scary thing to consider. Oil may seem expensive now at $110 a barrel, but that barrel is equivalent to about 60 men laboring very hard ten hours a day - for a YEAR. Cheap energy to fuel our industrialized society has been a blessing, a curse, and ultimately a short-lived period of easy living and vast economic prosperity for the developed West. Soon enough, it will be a pleasant memory.

Oil is a finite natural resource. Everyone knows it, but this fact is rarely acknowledged today. People prefer an attitude of blissful ignorance, thinking, "Well, we won't run out of oil for another few hundred years. By then, technology will save us."

Peak oil is not about sucking the oil wells 100% dry. We wouldn't even be able to. The problem lies in the fact that as oil is depleted, the pressure in these wells decreases. When oil is first struck, it shoots out of the ground on its own accord. After enough is taken out, though, the oil has to be pumped. The effort it takes to extract oil will continue to decrease until it takes more energy to get the oil up from the ground than the stuff will provide. This extraction efficiency can be measure as Energy Returned over Energy Invested, or EROEI. EROEI values over one indicate that more energy has been gained than expent. EROEI values below one indicate the opposite. Once we get down to one, oil becomes useless. Unless we wait several million years for the wells to fill up again.

If we look at oil production, be it worldwide, the production of an individual country, or of a smaller area, we can see a trend. Annual production rises until around half of the oil reserves have been depleted. There the graph peaks, and then production begins to decrease. This is where the term peak oil comes from.

Oil production in the US peaked around 1973 at close to 10 millions barrels per day. According to geologists, worldwide production is at the peak right about now. The steady rise up through the turn of the century seems to have stalled out around 2006. This is why OPEC won't increase production - they can't. We are beginning to see the effects in the rising oil prices, and with this comes inflation of food, clothing and just about everything else.

The global economy is tied to oil. Oil is required for the enormous amount of transportation necessary to move food, raw materials and manufactured goods all over the world to be assembled, woven, packaged, distributed, eaten, sold, bought, and even thrown away. Petroleum is an essential ingredient in fertilizers, and powers modern day agriculture requiring massive mechanical irrigation, heavy equipment, and countless other technologies. Of course, electricity requires oil until wind, solar, and other alternative energies begin to be widely used. Coal and nuclear power are both irresponsible choices due to the pollution and possibility for massive catastrophes.

So, even before oil production completely bottoms out, tremendous problems are to be expected. The inflated oil prices we are seeing now are already leading to more expensive crops. Virtually everything else will soon follow suit because of increased costs. And as energy availability declines, so does production. We will not be able to churn out goods as easily as we do now. Westerners spoiled by a life of cheap energy will have to quickly get used to living more simply and frugally.

One of the biggest potential problems because of this crisis could be a gigantic wealth gap. When the impending situation becomes evident, it is likely that individuals with the ability to do so will buy up land, oil reserves, and other necessities of a post-carbon future. We are faced with global economic collapse. Some will be fine because of their large fortunes, but when food, energy, and clean water become much less accessible to the world's poor and even people who are doing all right, many millions will die. The rest will likely be left with few resources and opportunities.

In addition to the crumbling economy, resource wars will most likely break out. What happens when there are too many people for the available food, water, and energy? People will fight over what's left if they can't get what they need. If preparation begins now, perhaps we can create a future with more cooperation, but at this point there is so little awareness it seems unlikely. What the US is doing in Iraq could be just the beginning. I'm willing to predict that the Middle East, Russia, and other oil-rich regions will come into play even more in the near future.

Who knows what the world look like in 20 years? There are countless possibilities - a return to feudalism, a totalitarian government that seizes resources and energy, or possibly laissez-faire capitalism where a huge underclass sells their labor to the few who own the energy and the means to produce. One of the best possible options could be reverting back small-scale, agrarian communities. This would require lots or organization and hard work to prepare for such a return to the past.

So what do we need to do to prepare for our future? The first step is to reduce energy dependency. Erect solar panels and wind turbines, use more efficient cars (or none at all!), heat homes with wood, walk and bike to places close by - these are all things we need to do more of.
A big step is to eat local food, to prepare for when that will be the only option and to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions by not relying on food shipped thousands of miles. Grow your own food in a garden. Get to know local farmers.

Communities have to be reestablished to prepare for a harsh future. Everybody's in this one together, and our fate can be much less severe if we are ready. Communities can prevent farmland from being overtaken by urban sprawl and revitalize town centers. The sooner everybody knows about what will happen in the years to come, the better.

As a high school student, I know peak oil is going to effect my generation. The skills and knowledge we will need to be familiar with certainly isn't being taught in school. I believe it is becoming increasingly important to know how to live by your hands and your wits, rather than by the flick of a switch and swipe of credit card. Colleges are now starting to teach organic farming and permaculture, and for kids planning on going to college these programs could be good. Think outside the classroom, visit a farm, learn a trade or craft, or whatever interests you. This goes for people of all ages, of course. But humanity is going to need ideas and innovations in all areas, and for this we need people educated in all areas. We are going to have to build new tools and vehicles, but also a new society.

So, here are some good sites if you are interested:

http://www.theoildrum.com/
http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/
http://www.peakoil.com/
http://www.peakoil.org/
http://www.energybulletin.net
http://www.postcarbon.org
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ulxe1ie-vEY

March 28, 2008 | 12:44 AM Comments  0 comments

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